语音通信降噪研究

语音通信系统中，语音通过信道传输将不可避免地引入码间串扰和信号畸变，同时受到噪声污染。本文在分析自适应盲均衡算法CMA(constant modulus algorithm）和改进盲均衡算法的基础上，考虑到自适应盲均衡技术在语音噪声控制方面能力有限，将自适应盲均衡技术与小波包掩蔽阈值降噪算法联合使用，形成一种基带语音增强新方法。仿真试验结果显示自适应盲均衡技术可以使星座图变得清晰而紧凑，有效减小误码率。研究证实该方法在语音信号ISI和畸变严重情况下，在白噪及有色噪声不同的噪声环境中都具有稳定的降噪能力，消噪同时可获得汉语普通话良好的听觉效果。     

非均匀波导中的声聚焦

理论研究了声波在非均匀波导中的空间聚焦问题,利用多模态导纳法构建波导内任意位置处声压与入射声压在模态域的映射关系,计算使声波聚焦于空间某位置时的最佳入射波,并画出了相应的聚焦声场.研究了三种非均匀情况:水平变截面波导、含散射体波导以及声速垂直变化波导.结果表明,当输入最佳入射波时,在非均匀波导中可以产生良好的单点或多点声聚焦效果,声波的聚焦过程充分地利用了波导结构及介质非均匀性对声波的散射作用.     

不同声音偏好的游客声景观主观评价差异——以丽江大研古镇为例*

古镇作为集自然景观与人文景观一体的景区，具有丰富的声音类型。本研究以大研古镇为例，通过实地调研探究不同声音偏好的游客对古镇声景观的主观评价差异。基于游客的声音偏好，将游客分为偏爱自然声和偏爱人工声两大类。通过因子分析提取游客声景观主观评价的5个主因子：大小、音质、效价、偏好和唤醒。进一步分析发现，这5个因子具有一定的层级性，其中从大小到唤醒代表声景观评价从声音的物理属性向声音的联想评价逐级提升。其中在低层级评价(大小、音质)中，偏好自然声的游客和偏好人工声的游客无显著差异，低层级评价具有稳定性；而在高层级评价(效价、偏好和唤醒)中，偏好人工声的游客更关注古镇声景观的淳朴性和遗产性。因此，游客对声景观的主观评价可视为一种指标，判断景区声景所处的评价阶段，从而为景区声景观改善提供更有针对性的建议。     

Simultaneous Removal of Antibiotics and Heavy Metals with Poly(Aspartic Acid)-Based Fenton Micromotors

The discharge of diverse pollutants has led to a complex water environment and posed a huge health threat to humans and animals. Self-propelled micromotors have recently attracted considerable attention for efficient water remediation due to their strong localized mass transfer effect. However, a single functionalized component is difficult to tackle with multiple contaminants and requires to combine different decontamination effects together. Here, we introduced a multifunctional micromotor to implement the adsorption and degradation roles simultaneously by integrating the poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) adsorbent with a MnO₂-based catalyst. The as-prepared micromotors are well propelled in contaminated waters by MnO₂ catalyzing hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the catalytic ramsdellite MnO₂(R-MnO₂) inner layer is decorated with Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles to improve their catalytic performance, contributing to an excellent degradation ability with 90% tetracycline (TC) removal in 50 minutes by enhanced Fenton-like reactions. Combining the attractive adsorption capability of poly (aspartic acid) (PASP), the composite micromotors offer an efficient removal of heavy metal ions in short time. Moreover, the designed micromotors are able to simultaneously remove antibiotic and heavy metals in mixed contaminants circumstance just in single treatment. This multifunctional micromotor with distinctive decontamination ability exhibits a promising prospective in treating multiple pollutants in the future.     

A Photoactivated Cu–CeO2 Catalyst with Cu-[O]-Ce Active Species Designed through MOF Crystal Engineering

Fully utilizing solar energy for catalysis requires the integration of conversion mechanisms and therefore delicate design of catalyst structures and active species. Herein, a MOF crystal engineering method was developed to controllably synthesize a copper–ceria catalyst with well-dispersed photoactive Cu-[O]-Ce species. Using the preferential oxidation of CO as a model reaction, the catalyst showed remarkably efficient and stable photoactivated catalysis, which found practical application in feed gas treatment for fuel cell gas supply. The coexistence of photochemistry and thermochemistry effects contributes to the high efficiency. Our results demonstrate a catalyst design approach with atomic or molecular precision and a combinatorial photoactivation strategy for solar energy conversion.     

Origins of Boosted Charge Storage on Heteroatom-Doped Carbons

Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to understanding the origin of boosted charge storage on heteroatom-doped carbons, none of the present studies has shown a whole landscape. Herein, by both experimental evidence and theoretical simulation, it is demonstrated that heteroatom doping not only results in a broadened operating voltage, but also successfully promotes the specific capacitance in aqueous supercapacitors. In particular, the electrolyte cations adsorbed on heteroatom-doped carbon can effectively inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction, a key step of water decomposition during the charging process, which broadens the voltage window of aqueous electrolytes even beyond the thermodynamic limit of water (1.23 V). Furthermore, the reduced adsorption energy of heteroatom-doped carbon consequently leads to more stored cations on the heteroatom-doped carbon surface, thus yielding a boosted charge storage performance.     

中国生物医学超声联合学术年会(CUMB2019)在北京举行

2019年10月18日–20日,中国声学学会生物医学超声工程分会、中国生物医学工程学会医学超声分会与中国超声医学工程学会仪器工程开发专业委员会在北京联合主办了“2019年度中国生物医学超声联合学术年会”,同期共同举办的还有国际分子影像与微创治疗大会、国际肌肉骨骼及浅表器官超声研讨会和国际生物医学造影技术会议。     

Simultaneous determination of major components of Huangqi–Honghua extract in rat plasma using LC–MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of the major components of Huangqi–Honghua extact in rat plasma, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), astragaloside IV (ASIV), calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d ‐glucoside (CAG), calycosin, calycosin‐3′‐O‐glucuronide (C‐3′‐G) and calycosin‐3′‐O‐sulfate (C‐3′‐S). After extraction by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and methanol from plasma, the analytes were separated on a Hypersil BDS C₁₈ column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source switched between negative and positive modes. HSYA was monitored in negative ionization mode from 0 to 4.9 min, and ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S were determined in positive ionization mode from 4.9 to 10 min. The lower limits of quantification of the analytes were 6.25 ng/mL for HSYA, 0.781 ng/mL for CAG and 1.56 ng/mL for ASIV and calycosin. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precision (RSD) values were within 13.43%, and accuracy (RE) ranged from ?8.75 to 9.92%. The validated method was then applied to the pharmacokinetic study of HSYA, ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S in rat after an oral administration of Huangqi–Honghua extract.